This study developed a novel urethane acrylate-based 3D printing resin incorporating a custom-synthesized zirconium (IV) fluoride complex designed to confer simultaneous antibacterial activity and sustained fluoride release. The complex was synthesized from 4,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentanoic acid, characterized by ¹H NMR, and incorporated at 5 and 10 wt% into a DLP-printable resin matrix. Flexural strength, Vickers hardness, surface morphology, antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans, cytotoxicity, and daily fluoride release over 28 days were systematically evaluated. Results demonstrated concentration-dependent fluoride release at clinically relevant low levels, acceptable antibacterial performance, and no detectable cytotoxicity, though mechanical properties were significantly affected by complex addition. These findings establish a compositional foundation for multifunctional 3D-printed dental restorations — including crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances — capable of delivering long-term cariostatic and antimicrobial benefits.

This study investigated how postwashing method and duration affect the mechanical performance and biocompatibility of DLP-printed crown and bridge resins. Specimens were washed using either an ultrasonic bath or a rotary washer with TPM solvent across five time points (3, 6, 10, 20, and 60 minutes), followed by standardized postcuring. Flexural strength, Vickers hardness, degree of conversion, water sorption and solubility, residual monomer elution, and cytotoxicity were comprehensively evaluated. The ultrasonic bath demonstrated superior monomer removal efficacy, reducing residual HEMA and TEGDMA to near-negligible levels. However, extended washing progressively compromised mechanical properties and degree of conversion, while cytotoxicity decreased with longer washing times. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing both washing method and duration to balance structural integrity and biological safety in clinical 3D printing workflows.

This study examined how silica (SiO₂) particle size affects the properties of 3D-printed dental resin. Nano- (5–20 nm) and microparticles (0.5–10 μm) were added at 1 and 2 wt% to a commercial resin, and specimens were evaluated for mechanical performance (flexural strength, Vickers hardness), surface characteristics (roughness, color), degree of conversion, printing trueness, and biocompatibility. Results revealed a clear size-dependent trade-off: large particles boosted mechanical strength but compromised surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, while small particles enhanced degree of conversion and surface quality with a notable whitening effect. All formulations maintained acceptable biocompatibility. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring silica particle size and concentration to specific clinical requirements in dental 3D printing.